📐 Q値と損失抵抗の数式補足
##|Q-Factor and Loss Resistance Formulas for Thin-Film Inductors
本資料は、薄膜インダクタの高周波特性設計における $Q$ 値および主な損失要因(直流抵抗、渦電流損失)に関する代表的な数式と設計指針を示す補足資料です。
This document provides supplemental formulas and design guidelines related to the $Q$-factor and major loss mechanisms (DC resistance, eddy current loss) in thin-film inductor design for high-frequency applications.
✅ Q値の定義|Definition of Q-Factor
\[Q = \frac{\omega L}{R_{\text{total}}}\]
- $Q$:Q値(無次元, quality factor)
- $\omega = 2\pi f$:角周波数(angular frequency, rad/s)
- $L$:インダクタンス(inductance, H)
- $R_{\text{total}}$:総損失抵抗(total loss resistance, Ω)
Q値は蓄積エネルギーと損失エネルギーの比を示し、値が高いほど高効率。
The $Q$-factor represents the ratio of stored to dissipated energy. Higher $Q$ means better efficiency.
✅ 総損失抵抗の構成|Components of Total Loss Resistance
\[R_{\text{total}} = R_{\text{DC}} + R_{\text{eddy}} + R_{\text{others}}\]
- $R_{\text{DC}}$:直流抵抗(DC resistance)
- $R_{\text{eddy}}$:渦電流損失抵抗(eddy current loss resistance)
- $R_{\text{others}}$:その他損失(誘電体損失、磁気ヒステリシスなど)
(e.g., dielectric loss, magnetic hysteresis)
\[R_{\text{DC}} = \frac{\rho \cdot l}{A}\]
- $\rho$:導体材料の抵抗率(resistivity, Ω·m)
- $l$:導体長(conductor length, m)
- $A$:断面積(cross-sectional area, m²)
低周波域ではCu(銅)の低抵抗性が $Q$ 値の向上に寄与。
Copper’s low resistivity improves $Q$-factor in lower frequency ranges.
✅ 渦電流損失の近似|Approximation of Eddy Current Loss
\[R_{\text{eddy}} \propto \frac{1}{\delta}, \quad
\delta = \sqrt{\frac{2\rho}{\mu \omega}}\]
- $\delta$:スキン深さ(skin depth, m)
- $\mu$:透磁率(magnetic permeability, H/m)
- $\omega = 2\pi f$:角周波数(angular frequency, rad/s)
高周波ではスキン効果により導通面積が減少し、実効抵抗が増加。
At high frequencies, current flows near the surface (skin effect), increasing effective resistance.
📊 周波数と導体材料の指針
###|Frequency and Conductor Material Selection Guidelines
周波数帯域|Frequency Range |
推奨導体|Recommended Material |
備考|Remarks |
~500 kHz |
Cu(銅 / Copper) |
低抵抗による直流損失低減|Low DC resistance |
1 MHz以上 |
Al(アルミ / Aluminum) |
スキン効果に強く高周波損失が小さい|Lower eddy current loss |
材料選定は抵抗率と高周波損失のバランスが重要。
Material selection should consider both resistivity and high-frequency behavior.
🔗 関連図(予定)|Planned Visuals
- $Q$ 値 vs 周波数|Q-Factor vs Frequency
- スキン深さ vs 周波数|Skin Depth vs Frequency
- 導体断面の電流分布(低周波/高周波)|Current distribution in cross-section (LF/HF)